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On December 30, 1903, Albert Polzin's wife and
daughter, Elizabeth Polzin and Etta Polzin joined
his sister and her daughter, Bertha Polzin Koehler
and Marie Koehler, for a matinee performance of
Klaw and Erlanger'sMr. Bluebeard production
at Chicago's newest playhouse, the Iroquois Theater. When a stage fire spread
to the auditorium, nearly six hundred perished. Elizabeth Polzin and Bertha
Koehler escaped; Etta and Marie were among the fatalities.
Marie's body was located at Buffum's funeral home
and Etta's at Perrigo's funeral home. Reportedly the
only evidence of injury to Etta were reddened spots
on each nostril, interpreted by family as having
resulted from breathing in fire. Nothing was
reported about the condition of Marie's body but
reports of Bertha searching morgues for a day and a
half suggest her daughter was sufficiently burned to
make recognition difficult.
It was reported that Elizabeth Polzin was taken to
Marshall Fields department store, and Bertha was
later interviewed at the Great Northern Hotel.
Though Bertha was said to have suffered severe burns
to the head and face, and Elizabeth was reported to
have been burned, neither woman was hospitalized,
and injury did not prevent Bertha from spending many
hours searching for her daughter.
A joint funeral for Etta and Marie was held at the
Koehler home mid-afternoon on Sunday after the fire.
Both were interred at Mount Greenwood cemetery.
Elizabeth Dehnhardt Polzin (1861–1933) — forty-two-year-old survivor
Bertha Polzin Koehler (1872–1938) — thirty-one-year old survivor
Marie Koehler (b. 1888) — fifteen-year-old fatality
Albert K. Polzin Jr (1870–1949) and Bertha Polzin
Koehler were two of seven children born to German
immigrants, Albert Polzin Sr (1845–1925) and
Henrietta Rieck Polzin (1843–1931). Albert Jr was
born in Germany and immigrated to America in 1862
with his parents and Bertha was born in Illinois
after the family's emigration.
In 1883 Albert Jr married Illinois native Elizabeth
Dehnhardt, and they had three children, of which two
were still living in 1900: George Albert Polzin
(1883–c1950) and Henrietta, who perished at the
Iroquois. Albert worked as a grocery clerk, and they
owned their home at 41 Ashland in La Grange,
Illinois, a village southwest of Chicago with a 1903
population of around 4,000. Today La Grange is
considered a Chicago suburb. Albert and Elizabeth's
home was probably located where the playground is
today at the Cossitt Elementary School.
Bertha married Fred Koehler (1852–1917) in 1887, and
Marie was the only child. Fred immigrated to America
from Germany in 1852 and from at least 1893 to 1904
was a saloon keeper. Despite reports to the
contrary, in 1903, the Koehler's probably lived in
Washington Heights, a Chicago suburb. See
discrepancies below.
In the years after the fire
Bertha Koehler, Albert, and Elizabeth Polzin all
moved to Los Angeles in the 1920s and spent the
remainder of their lives there, and were buried in
the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, CA.
In 1909 Marie Koehler's family received one of the
thirty-five $750 settlements from Fuller
Construction, the company that built the Iroquois
Theater.
Discrepancies and addendum
In some newspaper reports, Bertha Koehler did
not attend the theater and was not even in the
city but came fleeing from her home in Chicago
Heights upon hearing about the fire. According
to city directories, Fred Koehler lived in
Washington Heights, and according to many
reports, Bertha suffered burn injuries, so it is
more likely than not that she was at the
Iroquois at the time of the fire.
Some 1903 victim lists included a
thirty-five-year-old fatality named Maime or Mayme
and others a seventeen-year-old named Maime or
Mayme. A death certificate was not issued for
anyone named Maime or Mayme Koehler, Kohler, or
Kahler. The only death certificate issued to a
Koehler was for Marie, mistranscribed as Mannie.
It may be that Marie was nicknamed Maime or that
her mother, Bertha, was nicknamed Maime, but the
only Koehler fatality was Marie.
Some newspapers reported that the Polzin's lived
in Knox, IL, and some that they lived in Chicago
on Vincennes Ave. Fred and Bertha Koehler lived
on Vincennes in Washington Heights, and
according to the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Census, the
Polzin's lived in La Grange, IL. The only
evidence I found to indicate that the Polzins
lived in Knox was March 1904 classified
advertisement in the Chicago Trib for a 280-acre
farm in Knox, on R. F. D. #2, offered by an A.
Polzin that could have been Albert.
One newspaper reported that William Fitzgerald,
a detective at the hotel where Bertha was
staying, the Great Northern, found and
identified Marie's body at Perrigo's funeral
home based on the gold fillings in her teeth.
Other newspapers reported that Etta's father,
Albert Polzin Jr, identified both girls. Some
newspapers reported that Marie's body was found
at Perrigo's and Etta's at Buffums, others
reversing it with Etta at Perrigo and Marie at
Buffum.
Some newspapers reported that Bertha lost two
daughters, but according to the 1900 U.S.
Census, she had only born one child, still
living then — Marie. The 1910 census reported
she had born one child, no longer living. It was
reported that Bertha was delirious with grief
and exhaustion after searching in vain to find
her daughters. Presumably, her references to
our two daughters, meaning the daughters of
she and her brother or she and her
sister-in-law, were misunderstood by reporters
to mean two daughters of she and her husband.
One contemporary source on the Mount Greenwood
cemetery seems to have a snafu. No surprise,
given the inconsistencies reported about the
Koehler and Polzin girls in 1903. Mount
Greenwood Cemetery, a book by
Margaret M. Kapustiak and Paula K. Everett,
reports that Maria Koehler had a
fifteen-year-old daughter named Lola, who was
also a victim. Multiple problems with that
report. Maria's mother was named Bertha, did not
die at the Iroquois, and was thirty-one years
old. The Maria Koehler, who did die at the
Iroquois, was herself fifteen years old, as
substantiated by her grave marker (see
accompanying photo), so she did not have a
fifteen-year-old child. The error may lie in
part with a mix-up with a sixteen-year-old
unrelated Iroquois victim named
Lola Kuebler, buried in Oak Woods Cemetery.
The Koehler's 1903 residence is uncertain but
was probably at 9900 Vincennes Rd. in the
village of Washington Heights (annexed to
Chicago in 1893) at the southwest corner with
99th street where Fred operated a saloon and
resided. Washington Heights (aka Blue Island
Ridge and Beverly) was about fourteen miles
south of Chicago. According to city directories,
they lived there between 1893 and 1904. The
double funeral was held at this address,
followed by burial in a Chicago cemetery.
Various reports in newspapers and books also had
the family living in:
Knoxville, IL, about two hundred miles
southwest of Chicago. One possibility is
that Bertha and Fred were separated, with
Bertha and Marie living in Knoxville, and
another is that Marie was a student at the
St. Mary's catholic girls' school in
Knoxville, IL.
Other sources reported the family lived in
Chicago Heights, IL, about thirty miles
southwest of Chicago.
Perhaps reporters confused it with
Washington Heights.
* Polzin was sometimes spelled Paulzine, Paulzein, Polzine and Paulson.
4 of 8 in Lakeside party
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Indomitable Victoria Dray
Pale Moonlight double
octet at Iroquois Theater
Other discussions you might find interesting
irqspousesurv
Story 2809
A note about sourcing. When this
project began, I failed to anticipate the day might come when a
more scholarly approach would be called for. When my
mistake was recognized I faced a decision: go back and spend years creating source lists for every page, or go
forward and try to cover more of the people and circumstances
involved in the disaster. Were I twenty years younger, I'd
have gone back, but in recognition that this project will end when I do, I chose to go forward.
These pages will provide enough information, it is hoped, to
provide subsequent researchers with additional information.
I would like to
hear from you if you have additional info about an Iroquois victim, or find an error,
and you're invited to visit the
comments page to share stories and observations about the Iroquois Theater fire.